Nov 26, · However, positive thinking actually means approaching life's challenges with a positive outlook. Positive thinking does not necessarily mean avoiding or ignoring the bad things; instead, it involves making the most of the potentially bad situations, trying to see the best in other people, and viewing yourself and your abilities in a positive light A person with positive attitude thinks ‘I CAN’ while the others think ‘I CAN’T’. We all start off with a clean window when we are young, and as we grow old, life throws some dirt on the window (like criticism, ridicule from peers, rejections, disappointments), and we start doubting our capabilities, we start having negative outlook Jul 22, · The positive impact of ICT on students’ skills and teamwork are included. ICT also help student and teacher with activities that are provided in the websites. That kind of activities gives ideas to the teachers in their teaching, so that students enjoy the class
Optimism - Wikipedia
Optimism is an attitude reflecting a belief or hope that the outcome of some specific endeavor, or outcomes in general, will be positive, favorable, and desirable. A common idiom used to illustrate optimism versus pessimism is a glass filled with water to the halfway point : an optimist is said to see the glass as half full, while a pessimist sees the glass as half empty. The term derives from the Latin optimummeaning "best".
Being optimistic, in the typical sense of the word, is defined as expecting the best possible outcome from any given situation. It positive attitude essays reflects a belief that future conditions will work out for the best. Theories of optimism include dispositional models, and models of explanatory style. Methods to measure optimism have been developed within both theoretical systems, such as various forms of the Life Orientation Test, for the original definition of optimism, or the Attributional Style Questionnaire designed to test optimism in terms of explanatory style.
Variation in optimism and pessimism is somewhat heritable [4] and reflects biological trait systems to some degree. Researchers operationalize positive attitude essays term differently depending on their research. As with any trait characteristic, there are several ways to evaluate optimism, such as the Life Orientation Test LOT.
This 8-item scale was developed in by Michael Scheier and Charles Carver, positive attitude essays. Dispositional optimism and pessimism [9] are typically assessed by asking people whether they expect future outcomes to be beneficial or negative see below.
The LOT returns separate optimism and pessimism scores for each individual. Optimistic scores on this scale predict better outcomes in relationships, [10] higher social status[11] positive attitude essays reduced loss of well-being following adversity.
Some have argued that optimism is the opposite end of a single dimension with pessimism, [14] with any distinction between them reflecting factors such as social desirability. Confirmatory modellingpositive attitude essays, however, supports a two-dimensional model [15] and the two dimensions predict different outcomes. Explanatory style is distinct from dispositional theories of optimism.
While related to life-orientation measures of optimism, attributional style theory suggests that dispositional optimism and pessimism are reflections of the ways people explain events, i. In addition, the measures distinguish attributions for positive and for negative events. An optimistic person attributes internal, stable, positive attitude essays, and global explanations to good things.
Pessimistic positive attitude essays attribute these positive attitude essays of stability, globality, and internality to negative events, such as difficulty in relationships.
In addition to this, individuals vary in how optimistic their attributions are for good events, and on how pessimistic their attributions are for bad events, but these two traits of optimism and pessimism are un-correlated.
There is much debate about the relationship between explanatory style and optimism. Some researchers argue that optimism is simply the lay-term for what researchers know as explanatory style. More research is required to "bridge" or further differentiate these concepts. As with all psychological traits, differences in both dispositional optimism and pessimism [4] positive attitude essays in attributional style [26] are heritable.
Both optimism and pessimism are strongly influenced by environmental factorsincluding family environment, positive attitude essays. Work utilising brain imaging and biochemistry suggests that at a biological trait level, optimism and pessimism reflect brain systems specialised for the tasks of processing and incorporating beliefs regarding good and bad information respectively.
The Life Orientation Test LOT was designed by Scheier and Carver to assess dispositional optimism — expecting positive or negative outcomes, [21] and is one of the more popular positive attitude essays of optimism and pessimism.
This was also often used in early studies that examine the effects of these dispositions in health-related domains. There are eight items and four filler items in the test, positive attitude essays. Four are positive items e. In comparison with its previous iteration, LOT-R offers good internal consistency overtime although there are item overlaps, making the correlation between the LOT and LOT-R extremely high.
This Attributional Style Questionnaire ASQ: Peterson et al, positive attitude essays. Subjects read a list of six positive and negative events e. They then rate whether this is internal or external, stable or changeable, and global or local to the event, positive attitude essays.
Optimism and health are correlated moderately. The relationship between optimism and health has also been studied with regards to physical symptoms, coping strategies and negative affect for those suffering from rheumatoid arthritisasthmapositive attitude essays, and fibromyalgia. It has been found positive attitude essays among individuals with these diseases, optimists are not more likely than pessimists to report pain alleviation due to coping strategies, despite differences in psychological well-being between the two groups.
Optimists may respond better to stress: pessimists have shown higher levels of cortisol the "stress hormone" and trouble regulating cortisol in response to stressors. Optimists achieved faster results in "behavioral milestones" such as sitting in bed, walking around, etc. They also were rated by staff as having a more favorable physical recovery. In a 6-month later follow-up, it was found that optimists were quicker to resume normal activities.
A number of studies have been done on optimism and psychological well-being. One 30 year study undertaken by Lee et al, positive attitude essays. The study found a positive correlation between higher levels of optimism and exceptional longevity, which the study defined as a lifespan exceeding 85 years. Another study conducted by Aspinwall and Taylor assessed incoming freshmen on a range of personality factors such as optimism, self-esteem, locus of self-control, etc.
Over time, the more optimistic students were less stressed, less lonely, and less depressed than their pessimistic counterparts. Thus, this study suggests a strong link between optimism and psychological well-being. In addition low optimism may help explain the association between caregivers' anger and reduced sense of vitality.
A recent meta-analysis of optimism supported past findings that optimism is positively correlated with life satisfactionpositive attitude essays, happiness, [48] psychological and physical well-being and negatively correlated with depression and anxiety. Seeking to explain the correlation, researchers find that optimists choose healthier lifestyles.
For example, optimists smoke less, are more physically active, consume more fruit, vegetables positive attitude essays whole-grain bread, and are more moderate in alcohol consumption. Research to date has demonstrated that optimists are less likely to positive attitude essays certain diseases or develop certain diseases over time. By comparison, positive attitude essays has not yet been able to demonstrate the ability to change an individual's level of optimism through psychological interventionsand thereby alter the course of disease or likelihood for development of disease, positive attitude essays.
There are researchers in a study involving twins who found that optimism is largely inherited at birth. One of the earliest forms of philosophical optimism was Socrates' theory of moral intellectualism, which formed part of the thinker's enlightenment model through the process of self-improvement.
He maintained that knowledge of moral truth is necessary and sufficient for leading a good life. Distinct from a disposition to believe that things will work out, there is a philosophical idea that, perhaps in ways that may not be fully comprehended, the present moment is in an optimum state.
This view that all of nature - past, present, and future - operates by laws of optimization along the lines of Hamilton's principle in the realm of physics is countered by views such as idealismrealismand philosophical pessimism. Philosophers often link the concept of optimism with the name of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnizwho held that we live in the best of all possible worlds le meilleur des mondes possiblesor that God created a physical universe that applies the laws of physics.
The concept was also reflected in an aspect of Francois-Marie Arouet de Voltaire 's early philosophy, one that was based on Isaac Newton 's view that described a divinely ordered human condition.
Leibniz proposed that it was not in God's power to create a perfect world, but among possible worlds, he created the best. While Pascal advocated for making man's rational aspirations more humble, Leibniz positive attitude essays optimistic about the capacity of human reason to further extend itself.
This idea was mocked by Voltaire in his satirical novel Candide as baseless optimism of the sort exemplified by the beliefs of one of its characters Dr. Panglosswhich are the opposite of his fellow traveller Martin 's pessimism and emphasis on free will. The optimistic position is also called Panglossianism and became an adjective for excessive, even stupendous, optimism. Conversely, philosophical pessimism might be [ by whom?
Later, Voltaire found it difficult to reconcile Leibniz' optimism with human suffering as demonstrated by the earthquake that devastated Lisbon in as well as the atrocities committed by the pre-revolutionary France against its people. Philosophical optimalism, as defined by Nicholas Rescherholds that this universe exists because positive attitude essays is better than positive attitude essays alternatives.
Psychological optimalism, as defined by the positive psychologist Tal Ben-Shaharmeans willingness to accept failure while remaining confident that success will follow, a positive attitude he contrasts with negative perfectionism. They cannot accept failures, delaying any ambitious and productive behavior in fear of failure again. Optimalism allows for failure in pursuit of a goal, and expects that while the trend of activity is towards the positive, it is not necessary to always succeed while striving towards goals.
This basis in reality prevents the optimalist from being overwhelmed in the face of failure. Optimalists accept failures and also learn from them, which encourages further pursuit of achievement, positive attitude essays. Tal Ben-Shahar believes that Optimalists and Perfectionists show distinct different motives. Optimalists tend to have more intrinsic, inward desires, with a motivation to learn, while perfectionists are highly motivated by a need to consistently prove themselves worthy.
Optimalism has also been classified into two: product optimalism and process optimalism. The former is described as an outlook that looks to provide the realization of the best possible result while the latter looks for a maximization of the chances of achieving the best possible result.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, positive attitude essays. For other positive attitude essays, see Optimist disambiguationOptimistic disambiguationand Optimism disambiguation, positive attitude essays. Mental attitude. Affirmations New Age Agathism Explanatory style attributional style Mood psychology Moral idealism New Thought Optimism bias Pessimism Philosophy Philosophy of happiness Positive mental attitude Positive psychology Pronoia psychology Self-efficacy Silver lining idiom.
Oxford Dictionaries - English, positive attitude essays. Archived from the original on Psychology Applied to Modern Life: Adjustment in the 21st Century.
Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. ISBN The Journal of Positive Psychology. doi : PMC positive attitude essays PMID Current Biology. Half Empty, Half Full: Understanding the Psychological Roots of Optimism. New York: Courtyard. Social Psychology Alive.
Belmont, CA: Thomson Learning. Journal of Personality. Bibcode : Sci
Develop a Positive Attitude!
, time: 6:07Implicit attitude - Wikipedia
Grammar Instruction with Attitude. ENTER This grammar review site includes detailed terms, interactive exercises, handouts, PowerPoints, Twitter practice, videos, teacher resources, and more! Grammar Bytes! Grammar Instruction with Attitude positive resolutio onf life's stresses could have beneficial effects on health an d longevity. Seligman emphasize asn tha insightfult, positiv ine attitude dealing with life events a,n optimistic explanatory styl ine contras t to a pessimistic one, can lead to greater feeling os f well-being and perhaps even to longer life (Seligman, ) In A person with positive attitude thinks ‘I CAN’ while the others think ‘I CAN’T’. We all start off with a clean window when we are young, and as we grow old, life throws some dirt on the window (like criticism, ridicule from peers, rejections, disappointments), and we start doubting our capabilities, we start having negative outlook
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